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Immigration is back on the political agenda – will it push some UK cities back into the Max Growth club?
So, the UK’s population is going to rocket from 60 million to 65 million within ten years.

Good or bad?

Talk about immigration always get bogged down by politics and prejudice. But, what about the property investor? What about the effects on the UK economy AND the property market?

In short – does an extra five million people put the UK property market back in the Max Growth league?

One thing is for sure – if the five million projection is accurate – it’s going to have a BIG effect on both.

Government plans to build 100-homes-a-day for 13 years are in addition to existing building plans. That’s the figure the government’s experts reckon is needed to fill the 35,000-home gulf between existing yearly building levels - of 185,000 new units - and the 220,000 extra households that will emerge every year because of increasing immigration and more people living alone.

Are those targets really achievable? Over 13 years? They’re certainly hugely ambitious. And who is going to pay?

But if these targets are achieved, what will they do to the UK’s housing market?

Personally I’m not sure there’s any sure answer to this. But I start from two premises.

One, those building targets are very unlikely to be achieved and
Two, immigration into the UK is overwhelmingly positive for the economy and therefore the property market, long term; in fact, more than this, it is not only positive, it’s vital.

The reason it’s vital was summed up in the first paragraph of the article in the Financial Times last week reporting on the population projections.

‘Pensioners will outnumber children in the UK this year for the first time ever, but higher net migration and changes to the retirement age mean they will be supported by a greater number of working age adults than previously expected, population projections showed …’

How many countries in old Europe can the second part of that sentence be applied to?

The fact is population patterns – demographics – are crucial to driving property markets.

But it is not just absolute numbers, of course. It’s much more complicated than that

What ARE important are :

• Numbers of people of working age relative to retirees (whose pensions and health care have to be paid somehow).
• Numbers of households – increasing in old Europe and increasing also in emerging Europe, even while national populations may be in decline.
• The growth of individual cities as migration takes place not just from poorer to richer countries but from rural areas or smaller towns to bigger metropolises where wages are higher and opportunities more plentiful.


Here are some fascinating charts compiled by Aberdeen Property Investors and which we picked up at the Munich Expo.

First, look at where working populations will decline and where they will rise.

Click on image to expand





On the face of it then, the newly emerging economies of Hungary, Poland Czech and Russia have problems. The UK is in a relatively strong position, as is France, Sweden and probably Spain; Ireland has a positively glowing future along with Norway.

Let’s look at another chart that forecasts jobs growth.

Click on image to expand






Red is good – pink is OK.

It doesn’t quite equate to the population chart above, does it? Suddenly jobs growth is strong in, among others, CEE, the SE and SW of the UK, the whole SE quadrant of Spain, Greece, bits of northern Italy and western France, and , of course, Ireland..


Now, let’s look at a forecast of where the strongest GDP growth will be.

Click on image to expand



Suddenly the whole of Old Europe (except for Ireland, although many would not class Ireland as old Europe), is gone. The highest GDP growth has moved strongly east.

So, if you accept these projections – which to be fair were made prior to the UK 5 million more people in ten years projection - do they make the UK a poor long term investment prospect compared to those high growth areas?

Yes.

And no.

It makes it what it already is actually. If you look at that chart above and concentrate instead on the pink bits (which will be a bit more of a red shade if the extra 5 million were added – these are the second highest GDP growth areas. The UK looks much stronger, well, England and a bit of Wales do. Which to my mind makes the UK property market what it is – a slower growth, bluechip (in parts), long-term investment location.

Member of the Max Growth club? Not a chance!

But while it lacks the fabulous growth (and growth potential) of central and Eastern Europe – and will do for a long while – growth may well be steadier.

What those population projections mean is that the UK has a far brighter economic future than many other old Europe countries and probably better than any of the major European economies.

This is not just about increasing numbers of people of working age, of course. It’s also about creating the conditions in which those extra workers can be absorbed by the creation of new jobs. And that is where the UK has won out over Germany and France for the last ten years.

These conditions AND the fact that there may well be an extra five million people in the UK in ten years – the overwhelming majority of who will be of working age – is one of the UK’s strongest points.

Research by the LSE and the City of London earlier this year came up with very clear results.

‘Twenty years of unprecedented migration to London from overseas has boosted the London economy and made it more flexible and resilient.’

The survey also found that immigrants – as we would expect – are good for the BTL business.

The study into how and where London’s 200,000 annual immigrants work and live ‘found their abilities employed in both high-skill City jobs and lower paid work in construction, hospitality and catering.

‘….. most immigrants make better use of London’s housing. Immigrants live in fewer households and in higher densities than Britons. The rental market, much favoured by immigrants, has so far expanded to cope with demand, allowing rents to remain stable.’

And the report concluded: ‘The majority of new migrants now arrive from a set of 15 countries, including Pakistan, France and Poland, compared with just six main feeder countries 20 years ago (Ireland, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Cyprus and Bangladesh).

‘Many of the immigrants are young (50% are aged between 20-30), over 50% were white and 20% were non-Christian including 10% Muslim. They share characteristics of relative youth, above-average qualifications and positive employer-ratings.’

Actually, the LSE/City of London press release said it all: ‘Immigration keeps London business afloat.’

To my mind, strong levels of immigration are ONE good indicator of a city’s potential for future economic growth (so long as those immigrants are economically active, of course). This is why New York and London are the world cities they are and why London and the SE still offer property investors a great investment location – long term you can bank on it.
POSTED BY ROBIN BOWMAN ON TUE 6TH NOVEMBER AT 15:29 GMT
TAGS: UK Property, East European Property, Property Hotspots, Migration, Immigration
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IMMIGRATION IS BACK ON THE POLITICAL AGENDA – WILL IT PUSH SOME UK CITIES BACK INTO THE MAX GROWTH C

an excellent, fascinating and encouraging post. many thanks. just the sort of story ignored by the mainstream media with their clamour for the latest economic drama (noise). one question: any idea about the two uncharacteristic regions of expected employment shrinkage in poland? dan


POSTED BY DAN W ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 11:06 Reply To Post
SHRINKAGE IN HOUSEHOLDS - MIGRATION - POPULATION SHRINKAGE - AND BOOMING CITIES WITH ALL THE JOBS!

Hi Dan 'Population Shrinkage' is an issue almost as covered in prejudice as 'immigrants taking our jobs'. The key issues for property investors are 1. Shrinkage in households - massively increasing demand for property with the SAME population 2. Lots of people departing the countryside for cities or abroad (giving country wide reduction in populaton but moderate increases in cities - larger increase in key cities - but a country wide population reduction). (Note - nobody - not no one is proposing investments in the Polish countryside!!! Only the cities - and this is nothing like 'Poland's average' - because (unlike the UK where 85% of people live in urban areas - this is where only 50 or 60% of people in Poland live). 3. The cities are delivering huge employment growth. This is not on the back of large immigrant populations (as per mature countries such as UK) but on the back of female worker emancipation! (Such as has supported the Spanish growth and property price boom over the past 10 years). 4. Therefore, the population of Poland can shrink - and yet deliver massive price growth in key cities. So, we have got different dynamics driving different parts of Europe! It is confusing - for sure - but where there is confusion - there is massive investment opportunity for those willing to set aside their prejudices and think clearly. Okay - I'll stop! Hope this helps. Cheers Neil


POSTED BY NEIL LEWIS ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 11:51 Reply To Post
JOBS SHRINKAGE IN POLAND

Hi Dan Thanks for that. Just to explain - we've had a little forum problem this morning and your post originally turned up under a post from Neil that related to another Blog! All very confusing - but that is why Neil is talking about population shrinkage and not jobs shrinkage which is what you asked about! I think there is a good explanation for the two small areas of Poland that are forecast to deliver lower jobs growth and I've asked our Polish expert - Anna Grybel - to come back on this, as I think she'll do a better job than me! cheers


POSTED BY ROBIN BOWMAN ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 12:13 Reply To Post
JOBS SHRINKAGE IN POLAND

Those two regions in Poland are Opolskie Voivodship (light blue) and Świętokrzyskie Voivodship (dark blue). The first region is overshadowed by neighbouring strong, economic regions attracting investors – Silesia with Katowice and Lower Silesia with Wrocław. The official unemployment is also high there because many residents have German citizenship and work abroad, but are still registered as unemployed. The dark blue region has been traditionally poor region in Poland. Forest and mountains cover most of the area, so there’s no much room for developing industry and economic expansion.


POSTED BY ANNA ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 12:21 Reply To Post
CITIES BEAT FORESTS

Hi Anna Thanks for this. To paraphrase you - you are saying 'invest in booming cities, not in forests or mountains'... ... I know this is stating the obvious - but this is what people who fret about Poland's country wide population statistics are forgetting... Cheers Neil


POSTED BY NEIL LEWIS ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 12:30 Reply To Post
BREAKING IT DOWN

thanks, neil, robin and anna for rapid pesponses. this all supports a feeling i've long held: nations are not always a useful category of analysis. there is no 'UK property market', only a collection of many geographic markets within the UK, each behaving differently at any one time. a national average is of abstract interest. same for poland. and even within cities: there are parts of the london market currently as red hot as ever, others on the slide. seems similar in warsaw. but nice to see evidence of how many strong geographic markets are predicted to flourish within CEE over next decade. dan


POSTED BY DAN W ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:01 Reply To Post
SPOT ON - PROPERTY IS LOCAL

Hi Dan Spot on - property is a local game! However, there are some useful things you can say at a national level - such as GDP etc... but it is worth remembering that this is principally a summation of the key points of growth (ie key cities) and doesn't necessarily include the trees! Cheers Neil


POSTED BY NEIL LEWIS ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:05 Reply To Post
CITIES AND REGIONS

Dan I completely agre with your theory. National stats can be useful indicators, and certainly government characteristics (on a national level) as well as mortgage markets are important. As far as GDP growth and economic success, even smaller countries show big diversity. You're always going to have to look at the general state of a country first (politics, economics, and so on), but understanding that this is only a segment of the story is, as you imply, essential. So, it's really all about which cities - even cities within countries that may seem a little less than attractive in general for property investors. cheers


POSTED BY ROBIN BOWMAN ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:10 Reply To Post
POPULATION

Robin, reeally excellent article - thanks. I've been fascinated in population stats since hearing a talk by Andrew Neil a couple of years ago. The fact is that there are a lot of countries, most of them the "old" European countries you refer to, who simply won't have enough working people to support the older population in 30 or 40 years time. I've since heard people say that this argument is rubbish as people will work longer and harder. However, there's a limit to how much this is possible, whether due to willingness, physical ability etc so I don't accept this argument. The stats for Poland are strange bearing in mind it's a catholic country! Does it also start from the base of many of its young people being abroad and/or make assumptions about how many will return? Do you have any view on this? Huw


POSTED BY HUW ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:08 Reply To Post
POPULATIONS

Many thanks, Huw. I agree, the argument that people will work longer and harder is plainly nonsense. It just doesn't add up. The aging of populations is a huge issue that will affect not just 'old' countries, but many 'younger' ones. I use use younger to mean emerging. Look at China with it's one child policy. The Little Emperors are now 20 and 30-somethings. Who will support their parents - the ratio is at least 2 parents ot one child! That's without the grans and grandpas! Japan also has massive problems where almost 20% of the population are 65 or more already. German, too, has a big big problem. Catholic countries simply don't always have big birth rates. Look at Italy - one of the lowest birthrates in the world (and constantly angst-producing in the land where machismo was invested!) Spain is also pretty low (although I confess to not knowing the exact rate). I think it boils down to economics not religion. Decisions like how many children to have can be made when you have the means to decide AND when you start to question whether having more children is actually financially beneficial. Obviously, there are some exceptions to this - Ireland, I suppose. But I think generally the richer a country becomes the more its birthrate falls - at least in places where women are educated and given opportunities. Then, they tend to delay or opt out of childbirth more. I don't see why Poland, for example, should be any different. As far as new Europe and returnees goes - that's a fascinating question. I have just been discussing this with Anna in Crewe - who is Polish. She concludes that many people remain undecided about this question and I think that's becasue they don't need to decide. This is not like applying for a green card - once you're allowed into the US, you can't just throw it in and change your mind. Nor like emmigarting to Australia. Poles, for example, can come and go - the more professionally qualified they are - the more so. A job in Warsaw for two years, a move to London or Milan (where they pick up another language). This is the pattern for those well-educated, multi-lingual CEE citizens, in the future, I believe. I can use the example of asia where I lived for a fair time. You see lots of Chinese, for example,, who left to study and work in the US and Europe, returning to Shanghai or Beijing because they have language skills and international professional experience. They can earn more money! But they don't regard it as 'going home'. The next job may well be in Hong Kong, or San Francisco. It's globalisation, I think.


POSTED BY ROBIN BOWMAN ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:32 Reply To Post
CATHOLIC TRANSISITION AND POPULATION

Hi Huw My experience of Spain is that the economy has been driven by women entering the work place for the first time (or at least entering interesting / powerful jobs for the first time). Based on what I have read - and personal experience - I would suggest that this has delayed the child rearing days by around 10 years. Hence, for a period - as this demographic changes works through, there will be a much lower birth rate. Then, once the shift has worked through - hey presto - the birth rate will suddenly revert to what were previously normal levels and everyone will start worrying about sea levels, limited hydrogen stocks or something else ...(property prices I hope!). Spain being a Catholic country makes it a good template for Poland. It also means that women were kept out of the work place for longer than had happened in more protestant parts of Europe - but that once women get access to work (and interesting work) they don't tend to let go and hold on tight to the hard earned rights. There are a lot more women in Spanish politics than in British politics at both a national and regional level. So, I think we are looking at a 10 to 20 year adjustment - which will then re-adjust itself. In the mean time, the new double earning capacity of modern couples will massively drive property buying power and habits in the cities and we'll get some big property price growth figures. Cheers Neil


POSTED BY NEIL LEWIS ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 17:31 Reply To Post
IMIGRATION

I think UK will remain strongly attractive as long as the pound remains such a strong currency. For people wanting to earn and save as much as possible London is the most obvious choice in Europe and probably the world. I think it brings people here and it keeps immigrants here as well, often for longer than what they originally intended. I think a lot of immigrants view London as a place where they can save at least twice as much and it is a city that is not a great lifestyle but not a terrible lifestyle either. As for immigrants impact on UK, it is clearly positive from an economic perspective. If low cost hardworking CEE immigrants were not available in the UK, some companies would move elsewhere. I also think the influx of low cost workers has helped keep a lid on inflation and thus had an impact on interest rates. But surely there is more to quality of life than GDP? Some people clearly think this and are leaving the UK in large numbers not out of prejudice but its a fact you can get a lot more for your money in terms of accommodation elsewhere and without overloaded transport systems. There are larger numbers to replace them thogh and I think there always will be as long as the pound remains strong.


POSTED BY BRETT S ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:32 Reply To Post
MORE TO LIFE

You're right Brett, at least I agree - there's much more to life than GDP. But the point is you need to be able to afford to leave. Either you can afford it because you've very little to lose (CEE emigrees), or you can afford to do it probably because your house is worth a fortune and you can buy a mansion somewhere else with a nicer climate. But in the latter case, you must accumulate the wealth first. If a country is wealth producing, there will always be someone to take your place as you head off to the south of France or wherever is your fancy.


POSTED BY ROBIN BOWMAN ON WED 7TH NOVEMBER AT 13:38 Reply To Post
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